Glossary
5S
The principle of waste elimination through workplace organization. Derived from the Japanese words seiri, seiton, seiso, seiketsu, and shitsuke. In English, the 5S are sort, set in order, shine, standardize, and sustain.
APQP: Advanced Product Quality Planning
A structured method of defining and establishing the steps necessary to assure that a product satisfies the customer.
DFMEA: Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
DOE: Design of Experiment
A structured, organized method for determining the relationship between factors (Xs) affecting a process and the output of that process (Y).
GD&T: Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
A method for explicitly describing a geometry and the allowable variation in the size and position of its features
ISO 9000
A set of standards, (ISO 9001, ISO 9002, and ISO 9003) issued by the International Standards Organization (ISO), dealing with quality systems. The standards can be used as guidelines for external auditing of the implementation of quality assurance processes and procedures by a supplier. The U.S. version of the ISO 9000 set of standards is ANSI/ASQC Q91, ANSI/ASQC Q92, ANSI/ASQC Q93, and ANSI/ASQC Q94.
ISO 9001:2000
ISO 9001 is intended for use in organizations that handle design, development, installation, and servicing of their product. It discusses how to meet customer needs effectively. This is the only implementation for which third-party auditors may grant certifications.
ISO 14001
ISO 14001 is the cornerstone standard of the ISO 14000 series. It specifies a framework of control for an Environmental Management System against which an organization can be certified by a third party.
ISO/TS 16949:2002
ISO Technical Specification, which aligns existing American (QS-9000), German (VDA6.1), French (EAQF), and Italian (AVSQ) automotive quality systems standards within the global automotive industry, with the aim of eliminating the need for multiple certifications to satisfy customer requirements.
KanBan
1) A method for Just In Time delivery of parts in which a work center signals to the next work center upstream (either in-house or outside supplier) that an additional container of a particular part is needed. Sometimes called a Pull System. 2) The physical card used to signal the requirement for an additional container of material. 3) The plant material scheduling system developed and used by Toyota Corporation in Japan.
Lean Manufacturing:
A business practice characterized by the endless pursuit of waste elimination. A manufacturer that is lean uses the minimum amount of manpower, materials, money, machines, space, etc. to get the job done on time.
OHSAS 18001: Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series
Based on the same principles for management systems as ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.
PFMEA: Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
A systemized group of activities intended to: (a) recognize and evaluate the potential failure of a product/process and its effect, (b) identify actions which could eliminate or reduce the occurrence, (c) document the process, and (d) track changes to process-incorporated to avoid potential failures.
PPAP: Production Part Approval Process
The Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) outlines the methods used for approval of production and service commodities, including bulk materials, up to and including part submission warrant in the Advanced Quality Planning process. The purpose of the PPAP process is to ensure that suppliers of components comply with the design specification and can run consistently without affecting the customer line and improving the quality systems.
Poka-Yoke
Japanese term that means mistake proofing. A poka-yoke device is one that prevents incorrect parts from being made or assembled or easily identifies a flaw or error. Developed by a Japanese industrial engineer Shigeo Shingo.
QFD: Quality Function Deployment
Methodologies that allow the creation of a product that exceeds customer expectations through product planning, design, development, manufacturing, and service in the most cost effective and timely manner.
SPC: Statistical Process Control
Method used by printers to ensure quality and delivery times specified by customers.
Six Sigma
A quality measurement and improvement program originally developed by Motorola that focuses on the control of a process to the point of ± six sigma (standard deviations) from a centerline, or put another way, 3.4 defects per million items. A Six Sigma systematic quality program provides businesses with the tools to improve the capability of their business processes.
Resources used to compile this glossary:
